和(hé)尤雨溪一(yī)起進階vue
1 初級版
借助vue的(de)動态組件,可(kě)以實現一(yī)個簡單的(de)路由功能,如(rú)下
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.5.21/dist/vue.js"></script> <div id="app"> <a href="#foo">foo</a> <a href="#bar">bar</a> <component :is="url"></component> </div> <script> // 這是一(yī)個比較簡單的(de)解決方案,但是有一(yī)個問題,初始化的(de)時候無法匹配 window.addEventListener('hashchange', () => { app.url = window.location.hash.slice(1) }); let app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data() { return { url: null } }, components: { foo: {template: `<div>foo-component</div>`}, bar: {template: `<div>bar-component</div>`} } }) </script>
2 改進版
解耦微改進一(yī)下,将路由提取到一(yī)個路由表中,
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.5.21/dist/vue.js"></script> <div id="app"> </div> <script> const Foo = {template: '<div>foo</div>'} const Bar = {template: '<div>bar</div>'} const NotFound = {template: '<div>not found</div>'} // 在對象裏面統一(yī)配置路由 const routeTable = { 'foo': Foo, 'bar': Bar } window.addEventListener('hashchange', () => { app.url = window.location.hash.slice(1) }) let app = new Vue({ el:'#app', data() { return { url: window.location.hash.slice(1) } }, render(h) { return h('div', [ h('a', {attrs: {href: '#foo'}}, 'foo'), '|', h('a', {attrs: {href: '#bar'}}, 'bar'), h(routeTable[this.url] || NotFound), ]) } }) </script>
3 最終版
上面都是處理(lǐ)簡單的(de)url, 實際開發的(de)時候,配置的(de)路由都是多頁面,多組件,路由的(de)path也會比較長(cháng),如(rú)/a/b, /a/b/c, 還有動态路由,比如(rú)/a/:id,這個時候上面的(de)方法就不能準确匹配了, 如(rú)果你是正則達人,你可(kě)以自(zì)己試試解析這些複雜的(de)path,不是的(de)話就使用别人封裝好的(de)第三方庫吧(ba),這裏推薦path-to-regexp, 這個庫的(de)作用作者一(yī)句話就概述完了:
Turn a path string such as
/user/:nameinto a regular expression
大家可(kě)以點進去(qù)鏈接了解一(yī)下用法,這裏我們介紹接下來要用的(de)部分
const keys = [] const regexp = pathToRegexp('/foo/:id', keys) // regexp = /^\/foo\/((?:[^\/]+?))(?:\/(?=$))?$/i // keys = [{ delimiter: "/", name: "id", optional: false, partial: false, pattern: "[^\/]+?", prefix: "/", repeat: false}] // 得到了正則表達式regexp, 傳入實際的(de)url執行正則的(de)exec方法 // 不匹配 const match1 = regexp.exec('/test/route'); // null const match3 = regexp.exec('/foo'); // null // 匹配 const match2 = regexp.exec('/foo/fooId'); // ["/foo/fooId", "fooId", index: 0, input: "/foo/fooId", groups: undefined] 複制代碼
ok, 我們可(kě)以解析path了,來看看接下來如(rú)何實現
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.5.21/dist/vue.js"></script> // 這裏是下載到本地(dì)同目錄引入的(de) <script src='./path-to-regexp.js'></script> <div id="app"></div> <script> const Foo = { props: ['id'], template: `<div>foo with id: {{id}} </div>` } const Bar = { template: `<div>bar</div>` } const NotFound = { template: `<div>not found</div>` } const routeTable = { '/foo/:id': Foo, '/bar': Bar, } // 處理(lǐ)路由 const compiledRoutes = []; Object.keys(routeTable).forEach(path => { const dynamicSegments = [] const regex = pathToRegexp(path, dynamicSegments) const component = routeTable[path] compiledRoutes.push({ component, regex, dynamicSegments }) }) window.addEventListener('hashchange', () => { app.url = window.location.hash.slice(1); }) const app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data() { return { url: window.location.hash.slice(1) } }, // 渲染那個路由,路由屬性 render(h) { const url = '/' + this.url let componentToRender let props = {} compiledRoutes.some(route => { const match = route.regex.exec(url) if (match) { componentToRender = route.component // 上一(yī)步已經可(kě)以匹配到url對應的(de)組件了 // 這裏多做(zuò)一(yī)步,獲取動态id作為(wèi)props的(de)屬性傳入組件 route.dynamicSegments.forEach((segment,index) => { props[segment.name] = match[index+1] }) } }) return h('div', [ h('a', { attrs: { href: '#foo/123' } }, 'foo123'), '|', h('a', { attrs: { href: '#foo/234' } }, 'foo234'), '|', h('a', { attrs: { href: '#bar' } }, 'bar'), h(componentToRender || NotFound, { props }) ]) } }) </script>
編輯:--史志成